A flame test is used in chemistry for finding out, how much of different kinds of iron there are in the different elements. When doing a flame test you take an element or compound, and put it up to a flame. Then you observe which color the flame gets. The tests are mostly made on a platinum wire, that is constantly cleaned, so that the results of previous tests don't get mixed up with the current one. The flame test can be used to determine elements in minerals.
Sources:
http://webmineral.com/help/FlameTest.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test
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