flame test.

A flame test is used in chemistry for finding out, how much of different kinds of iron there are in the different elements. When doing a flame test you take an element or compound, and put it up to a flame. Then you observe which color the flame gets. The tests are mostly made on a platinum wire, that is constantly cleaned, so that the results of previous tests don't get mixed up with the current one. The flame test can be used to determine elements in minerals.

Sources:
http://webmineral.com/help/FlameTest.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test

one world glogster

about pollution of water ecosystems.
http://laurasglogster.glogster.com/science-water-pollution/

Aluminum Plant Waste Spill Hungary

There has recently been a huge waste spill that is threatening the Danube River, the Marcal and several other European rivers, incl. the communities around the area. The water has covered an area of 15 square miles. What happened was, that a dam holding back millions of tons of toxic metal wastes collapsed, spreading it all over the area. 4 people are killed, 6 are missing, around 120-150 people have been injured and many people (many are injured because of chemical burns) are in danger. It does not only injure, or kill people, but also animals and plants. The one thing that is not in danger is the tourism in Hungary. All airports and hotels and other tourist places keep on functioning and going on like they usually do.

It happened the 4th of Oct. in Hungary, near Ajka. The place of the catastrophe is owned by MAL Magyar Aluminum. This all causes that there won't be possibility of growing crops inside this area, in a long time. It is going to take tens of millions of dollars to get all of it cleaned up, and a lot of money will be lost (or just not earned), because of the toxic water destroying all crops and potentially a river. The company itself have said that, according to European Union Policies, the "Red Mud" was not supposed to be dangerous, and the accident could not have been predicted or stopped in anyway. They also said that it was not due to human failure, but equipment failure that caused the accident.

 Sources:
http://www.recyclingportal.eu/artikel/25222.shtml
http://www.popfi.com/2010/10/06/toxic-aluminum-sludge-floods-hungary/
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/88/i41/8841news8.html
http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/Hungary+toxic+spill+could+take+year+clean+Official/3631412/story.html

Diamonds are a Scientists Best Friend.

This was called "Diamonds are a Scientists Best Friend",  I found it on itunes, and it was made by "stuff from the science lab" by Allison and Robert.

First they start explaining diamond formation. It consists only of carbon and it is only made naturally at specific temperatures and pressures. Carbon is everywhere, it is in our bodies and in the air around us. Therefore there are a lot of different places in the universe and on earth where diamonds can be made, if the right temperatures and pressures used. Most diamonds were formed millions or billions years ago. If wanting to crate natural diamond, you would need to imitate the temperatures and pressures from the core of the earth.

Then they started talking about some awards that were given to scientists in Mexico, because they had figured out how to create diamonds, only using tequila. They also talked about a machine that in some way used diamonds to cut into mouse brains. 

After that they talked about the biggest diamonds. The biggest one in the world is owned by a king in Thailand. It is about the size of a palm. The other one began talking about a big star, consisting only of carbon and therefore it can crystallize. That star, probably is the biggest diamond in the universe. The star is called White Dwarf. 

They explained how diamonds were studied and what scientists had found out when studying diamonds. Diamonds are studied, kind of like earthquakes are studied. Most diamond research in the universe is done on micro diamonds, which are found in asteroids. Jupiter might have a giant diamond in its core, but nobody knows that for certain. Also Neptune might have a diamond ocean, with diamond icebergs in it. Tests have been done on melting diamonds. when they were melted, they floated on the diamond liquid. That could explain the magnetic field on the north pole. 

There is a special insect, that scientists have done some research on. It is green, and has a very shiny shell. Scientists found out that the reason the insect shines is because it has a crystal shell. It cannot be used to make diamonds, but it can give scientists an idea of which crystal structure to use when creating diamonds. They also talked about why the insect was green, it was because the crystal shell reflected the green color, making it seem green. 

Periodic table of videos Sodium.

Sodium has the atomic number 11.

1. It is stored beneath a layer of oil to stop from reacting with anything.

2. It is a very soft metal.

3. When braking, the cracks in it, are like the patterns in its atoms.

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Periodic table of videos neon.

Neon has the atomic number 10.

1. It is used for making signs.

2. Produces red light, if in glass tube with high voltage.

3. Neon Freezes at 10 degrees c.

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Periodic table of videos Fluorine.

 Fluorine has the atomic number 9

1. It is the most reactive element.

2. It is supposed to be pale green.

3. It can eat human flesh.

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periodic table of videos oxygen.

1. Exists in two forms, o2 and ozone.

2. In the form of ozone, can be very dangerous but it is needed in the atmosphere to protect from certain kinds of sun rays.

3. Very reactive in liquid form.

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Periodic table of videos Nitrogen.

Nitrogen has the atomic number of 7.

1. The bond between its two atoms are the strongest in the periodic table.

2. If rubber is put into nitrogen it becomes rigid.

3. It is kept in Dewar tanks.

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Periodic table of videos carbon.

Carbon has the atomic number of 6.

1. Its mass is twelve, and that is used as a standard of weighing all other elements on the periodic table.

2. It is soft in the form of powder but very hard in the form of diamonds.

3. It is used in gas masks ti filter the clean air through, so the carbon absorbs all the poisonous stuff, and only clean air comes through.

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Periodic table of videos Beryllium.

Beryllium has the atomic number 4.


1. It is toxic metal and chemical.

2. x-rays can shine through it without the Beryllium absorbing the x-rays at all.

3. It is very, very expensive.

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Periodic table of videos lithium.

Lithium has the atomic number 3.

1. It is the lightest alkali metal. It has a dark color, and it is shiny.

2. It floats on water, while reacting with it.

3.It is used for treating bipolar disorder and a kind of depression treating.

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Periodic table of videos Helium.

Helium has the atomic number 2.

1. Helium, like Hydrogen, is very light. It is 2 times as heavy as Hydrogen, and its atoms are 4 times as heavy.

2. It is found as a natural gas in places like the united states, and others like the united states. 

3. It does not burn, so when a match is put to a balloon filled with Helium, there is a kind of explosion, but there are no flames because the explosion is created by gas escaping from the balloon. If breathed in you start speaking like Donald duck.

4. Used for making extra powerful magnets, when in liquid form.


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Periodic table of videos Hydrogen.

 Hydrogen has the atomic number 1.

1. Hydrogen is the lightest element, it is twice as light as helium, and its atoms are four times as light as Helium atoms.

2. Hydrogen is in water in the form of H2O. Water is also found in a form which has Deuterium in stead of Helium.

3. Hydrogen is very reactive, it burns easily. When a lit match is put to a balloon with Hydrogen in it, it explodes.

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Chemistry Mindmap

I created my mind map by thinking about the stuff we had done in class that is about chemistry. First I looked around the class room, the first thing I saw was the periodic table, so I put that in the mind map. Than of course elements under the periodic table and so on. I did not do much research while creating the mind map, I just made it from what I know/think about chemistry.

Science - nitrogen

In fertilizer Nitrogen is in the form of ammonia or ammonium ion.
80% of the air is made of Nitrogen.
Crops need N, O, and H.
Plants like peas, soy beans and clover can use N2 because they have bacteria on them, that automatically changes the N2 into nitrogen that can actually be used by the plants.

 Nitrogen can harm the environment by running into lakes and rivers and then out into the oceans, in that way destroying marine life, and it can reduce the amount of Ozone.
Changing the crops from annual crops, into perennial crops can reduce the amount of nitrogen use because, if we change them from annual crops, into crops that can grow for more than one year, then we don't need to use nearly as much fertilizer because, we won't have to plant the crops every year.

Science - structure of matter

The ocean is made of hydrogen and oxygen (water), salt, plants, sand, sea creatures, and rocks.
Instead of doing an experiment about this, we could just go catch a fish in the ocean, and from there on, think logically. If there is one big fish, there must be smaller fish for that fish to eat, if there are smaller fish, then there must be plants and rocks for them to feed on and hide in. We know there is sand on the bottom of the sea, and if not, then just go bathing. We also know that the sea is made up of water, because fish can only live in water. 

Sea water is made up of salt and water - you could prove this, by dropping a snail into sea water and see what would happen. If there really was salt in the sea water, the snail would start dissolving.

Beach sand is made of sand, little rocks, different sorts of seashells and animals like crabs. You could prove this by putting the sand into a collander and then all the rocks and seashells etc. would stay in there.

Salt is mainly made from sodium chloride.

Silicon is an element, so it is made of electrons, protons and neutrons. If you wanted to be sure of this, you could just go check out the periodic table.

Chlorine is an element made up of electrons, neutrons and protons. Again, if you wanted to be sure of this, you could look at the periodic table.

Protons and neutrons are made of quarks and gluons.

I think electrons are in a way made up of energy.

I think energy can be made from movement, water, electricity etc. for example, we use wind turbines to create energy, we also use water and other sources to create energy.  If we rub our feet against a carpet or a balloon we create electric energy, that is also how you could prove it.

Science warmup

The Octet rule, is a simple chemical rule of thumb. This rule says that atoms mostly combine in a way, so that there are 8 electrons in their valance shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule
A Bohr diagram is a way of showing atoms on a diagram. It shows how many electrons, protons and neutrons there are.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model
A Lewis dot diagram is a diagram that shows atoms together, and electron pairs in the molecules.

  Examples of Bohr diagrams.   

 Examples of Lewis Dot diagrams.

Science- Bio plastics

Bio plastics are being developed from biomass sources. That would be things like sugar, vegetable oils or other stuff that does not require using fossil fuels.
Bio plastics are green because they are environment friendly. They are a better solution to making plastics, than using loads of oil and fossil fuels.
There was a reaction mentioned called polymerization. Under polymerization, there was also the condensation reaction and the addition reaction.
The different elements that were mentioned in the video, was Oxygen, Hydrogen and Carbon.
The connection between this video and the one about water, was that a lot of facts that we don't know about are told about in both videos.

Science- What is water anyway

http://discovermagazine.com/2010/may/20-things-you-didn.t-know-about-water

"Hair on your skin can hold water droplets too. A hairy leg may get sunburned more quickly than a shaved one."

I think that was interesting, because it kind of makes sense. I just never really thought about, if it would make a difference, whether I had shaved my legs when I tanned.

"Good gardeners know not to water plants during the day. Droplets clinging to the leaves can act as little magnifying glasses, focusing sunlight and causing the plants to burn."

I find that interesting because I always thought, that watering plants would be best in sunlight.

"Although many doctors tell patients to drink eight glasses of water a day, there is no scientific evidence to support this advice."

That is an interesting fact because, the next time my dad tells me to drink more water, I can just tell him to go check my blog!

"The misinformation might have come from a 1945 report recommending that Americans consume about “1 milliliter of water for each calorie of food,” which amounts to 8 or 10 cups a day. But the report added that much of that water comes from food—a nuance many people apparently missed."

I think it's funny that a lot of people, don't pay attention to such an important fact.

"Call waterholics anonymous: Drinking significantly more water than is needed can cause “water intoxication” and lead to fatal cerebral and pulmonary edema. Amateur marathon runners have died this way."

This is what doctors should be telling us, or at least mentioning that we shouldn't over do drinking water.

5. Facts I found about water:

1. 3.575 million people die each year from water-related disease.
http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/facts/

2. A human can survive for a month or more without eating food, but only a week or so without drinking water.
http://www.waterinfo.org/resources/water-facts

3. One litre of spilled petrol can pollute 750,000 litres of water.
http://www.aqwest.wa.gov.au/Schools/WaterFacts.aspx

4. The kidneys will require time to adjust to new water intake level. This can cause someone who drinks a lot of water to become dehydrated more easily than someone who routinely drinks less.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water#Requirements

5. The average person in the United States uses 80 to 100 gallons of water each day. During medieval times a person used only 5 gallons per day.
http://www.njawwa.org/kidsweb/waterfacts/waterfacts.htm

Science - Helium.

This blog is about Helium, and how it is beginning to be rare on earth.

I think that the reason that helium is so rare on earth, and very common in the universe, is because we are using so much of the helium on earth, that there just is not enough of it.

We need helium for many different things like for example testing rockets safely, or something even more important, like using medichal MRI machines. If we don't have anymore helium on earth, then things that have taken humans many years to figure out, we will soon either not be able to develop, or use at all.

We could start researching for alternatives, that we could use instead of helium in some cases. If we started using alternatives, for some of the things where we would usually use helium, then we'd be able to use less of our helium, and in that way, we could maybe have helium for longer than we thought. We would also already have alternatives, that we could use for some of the things that we would need to do, when helium is gone.

I think we could get stuck in the same situation with other elements too, espiacially with the elements that are most important to us, and that we use the most. We might get stuck in a really bad situation, if we ran out of something that we use even more than helium.

SCIENCE

Proof of chemical reaction: it turns red, starts bubbling and smoke apears.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ypUVpwgcAA&feature=related

Proof of chemical reaction: it catches on fire, starts moving.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=896vJj6eWYw&feature=related

Proof of chemical reaction: sparks are made.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRmNPKVEGeQ&NR=1

Proof of chemical reaction: catches on fire and starts moving.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJslbQiYrYY&NR=1

Proof of chemical reaction: smoke apears, it cathes on fire and then explodes.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2mj-Sq2oeo&feature=related

Proof of chemical reaction: white gas spreads around the pool.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n7kBkBcXgo&NR=1

Proof of chemical reaction: water explodes.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Pk6s1MbszA&feature=related


Proof of chemical reaction: foam starts rising, and becomes darker.
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i8UGUN9Czg
 
Proof of chemical reaction: smoke apears, it catches on fire and then more smoke apears.